Prosedur yang dilakukan untuk mengkonfigurasi Network Adapter Card (bisa dilihat di gambar seperti diatas).
1. Click Start à Setting à Control Panel sampai keluar kotak dialog Control Panel (seperti terlihat digambar dibawah ini)
2. Double-Click Icon Network Connection sampai keluar kotak dialog Network Connection
3. Double-click Icon Local Area Connection sampai keluar kotak dialog Local Connection Area Status
4. Click Properties sampai keluar kotak dialog Local Area Connection Properties
5. Double-Click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) yang ada di dalam kotak dialog Local Area Connection Properties sampai keluar kotak dialog baru : Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Protocol
Masukkan data-data IP Address seperti gambar diatas. Data IP Address setiap UAD akan berbeda-beda dan unik (tidak boleh sama antara satu AUD Kampus III dengan UAD Kampus lain ). Data IP Address ini, nanti akan diberikan saat instalasi Broadband selesai (saat aktifasi jaringan)
Data-data IP Address yang paling diperlukan oleh setiap PC yang akan disetting di setiap remote UAD adalah sbb :
1. Default Gateway à IP Address dari modem Broadband. Diberikan menyusul saat aktifasi.
2. IP Address à IP Address ini merupakan satu class dengan IP Modem Broadband (IP Default Gateway) nantinya.
3. Subnet Mask à Data Blok IP yang akan diberikan, mestilah meng-ingclude-kan data Subnet Mask ini.
4. Setelah data-data setting TCP/IP ini dimasukkan, click OK untuk menutup kotak dialog Internet Connection (TCP/IP) Properties
5. click OK untuk menutup kotak dialog “Local Area Connection Properties”
6. Click Star à Run à sampai keluar kotak dialog RUN, dan ketikkan CMD sampai keluar kotak dialog baru “command”
7. Di kotak dialog “Command” tadi, ketikkan : ipconfig
Jika Ethernet dari computer belum tersambung dengan LAN, akan keluar hasil seperti gambar dibawah.
7.1. Jika dilakukan test PING saat kondisi Komputer belum tersambung ke LAN, akan didapat hasil seperti gambar dibawah.
7.2. Setelah computer tersambung ke LAN, ketik IPCONFIG /ALL untuk melihat IP Address yang terpasang di Komputer user tersebut. Hasilnya bisa dilihat seperti gambar dibawah ini.
Jika didapatkan hasil ping test (Request timed out), Kemungkinan ada problem di jaringan Lokal.
Kemungkinan problem ada bisa dari sbb :
- Konektor kabel jaringan (kabel LAN) terpasang kurang kencang. à Kencangkan koneksi pemasangan kabel LAN ke port Hub Ethernet dan ke Card PC LAN
- Kabel LAN yang tidak bagus (ada pin-pin koneksi kabel yang putus ditengah) Ganti dengan kabel LAN lain yang bagus
- Port Hub Ethernet yang tidak bagus (longgar atau bad contact) à Coba pindah port
Jika didapatkan hasil ping test seperti gambar diatas (Reply from x.x.x.x ), bisa dipastikan bahwa jaringan beroperasi dengan normal.
Setiap user jaringan di remote UAD, diharapkan paling tidak, bisa melakukan action seperti diatas. Target user di UAD adalah memastikan jaringan local LAN terhubung dengan IP Ethernet dari Modem Broadband yang merupakan Gateway jaringan UAD menuju Jaringan Server UAD Pusat dan Internet.
Jika PC user telah bisa melakukan ping test seperti diatas, dan mendapatkan hasil Reply from x.x.x.x à (Ip modem), maka bisa dipastikan jaringan LAN di UAD tersebut tidak ada masalah.
Setelah memastikan di jaringan LAN tersebut tidak bermasalah, user di UAD diarahkan untuk melakukan TEST PING IP Address Server Pusat. Cara melakukan test ping ini sama dengan melakukan test ping IP Modem di jaringan local. Perbedaannya hanya di IP ADDRESS yang akan di ping dimasukkan IP Address computer yang ada di kantor pusat, atau IP Address yang ada di internet. Selanjutnya dilakuka test aplikasi - aplikasi internet.
Tuesday, December 9, 2008
Friday, December 5, 2008
Thursday, December 4, 2008
Configuration LAN
1.1 Mengenal LAN
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) adalah sekelompok protokol yang mengatur komunikasi data komputer di internet. Komputer-komputer yang terhubung ke internet berkomunikasi dengan protokol TCP/IP, karena menggunakan bahasa yang sama perbedaan jenis komputer dan sistem operasi tidak menjadi masalah. Komputer PC dengan sistem operasi Windows dapat berkomunikasi dengan komputer Macintosh atau dengan Sun SPARC yang menjalankan solaris. Jadi, jika sebuah komputer menggunakan protokol TCP/IP dan terhubung langsung ke internet, maka komputer tersebut dapat berhubungan dengan komputer di belahan dunia mana pun yang juga terhubung ke internet
Ciri-ciri jaringan komputer:
1. berbagi perangkat keras (hardware).
2. berbagi perangkat lunak (software).
3. berbagi saluran komunikasi (internet).
4. berbagi data dengan mudah.
5. memudahkan komunikasi antar pemakai jaringan.
Local Area Network (LAN) adalah sejumlah komputer yang saling dihubungkan bersama di dalam satu areal tertentu yang tidak begitu luas, seperti di dalam satu kantor atau gedung. Secara garis besar terdapat dua tipe jaringan atau LAN, yaitu jaringan Peer to Peer dan jaringan Client-Server.
Pada jaringan peer to peer, setiap komputer yang terhubung ke jaringan dapat bertindak baik sebagai workstation maupun server. Sedangkan pada jaringan Client-Server, hanya satu komputer yang bertugas sebagai server dan komputer lain berperan sebagai workstation. Antara dua tipe jaringan tersebut masing-masing memiliki keunggulan dan kelemahan, di mana masing-masing akan dijelaskan.
LAN tersusun dari beberapa elemen dasar yang meliputi komponen hardware dan software, yaitu :
1. Komponen Fisik
Personal Computer (PC), Network Interface Card (NIC), Kabel, Topologi jaringan
1. Komponen Software
Sistem Operasi Jaringan, Network Adapter Driver, Protokol Jaringan.
Personal Komputer (PC)
Tipe personal komputer yang digunakan di dalam jaringan akan sangat menentukan unjuk kerja dari jaringan tersebut. Komputer dengan unjuk kerja tinggi akan mampu mengirim dan mengakses data dalam jaringan dengan cepat. Di dalam jaringan tipe Client-Server, komputer yang difungsikan sebagai server mutlak harus memiliki unjuk kerja yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan komputerkomputer lain sebagai workstation-nya, karena server akan bertugas menyediakan fasilitas dan mengelola operasional jaringan tersebut.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Berdasarkan tipe bus, ada beberapa tipe network interface card (nic) atau network card, yaitu ISA dan PCI.
Saat ini terdapat jenis network card yang banyak digunakan, yaitu PCI
Gambar Jenis kartu jaringan Ethernet
Tipe Pengkabelan
Terdapat beberapa tipe pengkabelan yang biasa digunakan dan dapat digunakan untuk mengaplikasikan Jaringan, yaitu:
1. Thin Ethernet (Thinnet)
Thin Ethernet atau Thinnet memiliki keunggulan dalam hal biaya yang relatif lebih murah dibandingkan dengan tipe pengkabelan lain, serta pemasangan komponennya lebih mudah. Panjang kabel thin coaxial/RG-58 antara 0.5 – 185 m dan maksimum 30 komputer terhubung.
1. Thick Ethernet (Thicknet)
Dengan thick Ethernet atau thicknet, jumlah komputer yang dapat dihubungkan dalam jaringan akan lebih banyak dan jarak antara komputer dapat diperbesar, tetapi biaya pengadaan pengkabelan ini lebih mahal serta pemasangannya relatif lebih sulit dibandingkan dengan Thinnet. Pada Thicknet digunakan transceiver untuk menghubungkan setiap komputer dengan sistem jaringan dan konektor yang digunakan adalah konektor tipe DIX. Panjang kabel transceiver maksimum 50 m, panjang kabel Thick Ethernet maksimum 500 m dengan maksimum 100 transceiver terhubung.
1. Twisted Pair Ethernet
Kabel Twisted Pair ini terbagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu shielded dan unshielded. Shielded adalah jenis kabel yang memiliki selubung pembungkus sedangkan unshielded tidak mempunyai selubung pembungkus. Untuk koneksinya kabel jenis ini menggunakan konektor RJ-11 atau RJ-45. Pada twisted pair (10 BaseT) network, komputer disusun membentuk suatu pola star. Setiap PC memiliki satu kabel twisted pair yang tersentral pada HUB. Twisted pair umumnya lebih handal (reliable) dibandingkan dengan thin coax karena HUB mempunyai kemampuan data error correction dan meningkatkan kecepatan transmisi.
Saat ini ada beberapa grade, atau kategori dari kabel twisted pair. Kategori 5 adalah yang paling reliable dan memiliki kompabilitas yang tinggi, dan yang paling disarankan. Berjalan baik pada 10Mbps dan Fast Ethernet (100Mbps). Kabel kategori 5 dapat dibuat straight-through atau crossed.
Kabel straight through digunakan untuk menghubungkan komputer ke HUB. Kabel crossed digunakan untuk menghubungkan HUB ke HUB dan Modem Broadband lansung ke PC (tanpa HUB). Panjang kabel maksimum kabel Twisted-Pair adalah 100 m.
1. Fiber Optic
Jaringan yang menggunakan Fiber Optic (FO) biasanya perusahaan besar, dikarenakan harga dan proses pemasangannya lebih sulit. Namun demikian, jaringan yang menggunakan FO dari segi kehandalan dan kecepatan tidak diragukan. Kecepatan pengiriman data dengan media FO lebih dari 100Mbps dan bebas pengaruh lingkungan.
Protokol TCP/IP
Karena penting peranannya pada sistem operasi Windows dan juga karena protokol TCP/IP merupakan protokol pilihan (default) dari Windows. Protokol TCP berada pada lapisan Transport model OSI (Open System Interconnection), sedangkan IP berada pada lapisan Network mode OSI
IP Address
IP address adalah alamat yang diberikan pada jaringan komputer dan peralatan jaringan yang menggunakan protokol TCP/IP. IP address terdiri atas 32 bit angka biner yang dapat dituliskan sebagai empat kelompok angka desimal yang dipisahkan oleh tanda titik seperti 192.168.0.1.
Network ID Host ID
IP address terdiri atas dua bagian yaitu network ID dan host ID, dimana network ID menentukan alamat jaringan komputer, sedangkan host ID menentukan alamat host (komputer, router, switch). Oleh sebab itu IP address memberikan alamat lengkap suatu host beserta alamat jaringan di mana host itu berada.
Kelas-kelas IP Address
Untuk mempermudah pemakaian, bergantung pada kebutuhan pemakai, IP address dibagi dalam tiga kelas seperti diperlihatkan pada tabel 1.2.
Kelas Network ID Host ID Default Subnet Mask
A xxx.0.0.1 s/d xxx.255.255.254 – Defaul subnet mask : 255.0.0.0
B xxx.xxx.0.1 s/d xxx.xxx.255.254 – Defaul subnet mask : 255.255.0.0
C xxx.xxx.xxx.1 s/d xxx.xxx.xxx.254 – Defaul subnet mask : 255.255.255.0
IP address kelas A diberikan untuk jaringan dengan jumlah host yang sangat besar. Range IP 1.xxx.xxx.xxx. – 126.xxx.xxx.xxx, terdapat 16.777.214 (16 juta) IP address pada tiap kelas A. IP address kelas A diberikan untuk jaringan dengan jumlah host yang sangat besar. Pada IP address kelas A, network ID ialah 8 bit pertama, sedangkan host ID ialah 24 bit berikutnya.
Dengan demikian, cara membaca IP address kelas A, misalnya 113.46.5.6 ialah:
Network ID = 113
Host ID = 46.5.6
Sehingga IP address diatas berarti host nomor 46.5.6 pada network nomor 113.
IP address kelas B biasanya dialokasikan untuk jaringan berukuran sedang dan besar. Pada IP address kelas B, network ID ialah 16 bit pertama, sedangkan host ID ialah 16 bit berikutnya.
Dengan demikian, cara membaca IP address kelas B, misalnya 132.92.121.1
Network ID = 132.92
Host ID = 121.1
Sehingga IP address di atas berarti host nomor 121.1 pada network nomor 132.92. dengan panjang host ID 16 bit, network dengan IP address kelas B dapat menampung sekitar 65000 host. Range IP 128.0.xxx.xxx – 191.255.xxx.xxx
IP address kelas C awalnya digunakan untuk jaringan berukuran kecil (LAN). Host ID ialah 8 bit terakhir. Dengan konfigurasi ini, bisa dibentuk sekitar 2 juta network dengan masing-masing network memiliki 256 IP address. Range IP 192.0.0.xxx – 223.255.255.x.
Pengalokasian IP address pada dasarnya ialah proses memilih network Id dan host ID yang tepat untuk suatu jaringan. Tepat atau tidaknya konfigurasi ini tergantung dari tujuan yang hendak dicapai, yaitu mengalokasikan IP address seefisien mungkin.
Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System (DNS) adalah suatu sistem yang memungkinkan nama suatu host pada jaringan komputer atau internet ditranslasikan menjadi IP address. Dalam pemberian nama, DNS menggunakan arsitektur hierarki.
1. Root-level domain: merupakan tingkat teratas yang ditampilkan sebagai tanda titik (.).
2. Top level domain: kode kategori organisasi atau negara misalnya: .com untuk dipakai oleh perusahaan; .edu untuk dipakai oleh perguruan tinggi; .gov untuk dipakai oleh badan pemerintahan. Selain itu untuk membedakan pemakaian nama oleh suatu negara dengan negara lain digunakan tanda misalnya .id untuk Indonesia atau .au untuk australia.
3. Second level domain: merupakan nama untuk organisasi atau perusahaan, misalnya : microsoft.com; yahoo.com, dan lain-lain.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
IP address dan subnet mask dapat diberikan secara otomatis menggunakan Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol atau diisi secara manual. DHCP berfungsi untuk memberikan IP address secara otomatis pada komputer yang menggunakan protokol TCP/IP. DHCP bekerja dengan relasi client-server, dimana DHCP server menyediakan suatu kelompok IP address yang dapat diberikan pada DHCP client. Dalam memberikan IP address ini, DHCP hanya meminjamkan IP address tersebut. Jadi pemberian IP address ini berlangsung secara dinamis.
Topologi Jaringan adalah gambaran secara fisik dari pola hubungan antara komponen-komponen jaringan, yang meliputi server, workstation, hub dan pengkabelannnya. Terdapat tiga macam topologi jaringan umum digunakan, yaitu Bus, Star dan Ring.
Topologi Bus
Pada topologi Bus digunakan sebuah kabel tunggal atau kabel pusat di mana seluruh workstation dan server dihubungkan. Keunggulan topologi Bus adalah pengembangan jaringan atau penambahan workstation baru dapat dilakukan dengan mudah tanpa mengganggu workstation lain. Kelemahan dari topologi ini adalah bila terdapat gangguan di sepanjang kabel pusat maka keseluruhan jaringan akan mengalami gangguan.
1. Topologi Star
Pada topologi Star, masing-masing workstation dihubungkan secara langsung ke server atau hub. Keunggulan dari topologi tipe Star ini adalah bahwa dengan adanya kabel tersendiri untuk setiap workstation ke server, maka bandwidth atau lebar jalur komunikasi dalam kabel akan semakin lebar sehingga akan meningkatkan unjuk kerja jaringan secara keseluruhan. Dan juga bila terdapat gangguan di suatu jalur kabel maka gangguan hanya akan terjadi dalam komunikasi antara workstation yang bersangkutan dengan server, jaringan secara keseluruhan tidak mengalami gangguan. Kelemahan dari topologi Star adalah kebutuhan kabel yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan topologi lainnya.
2. Topologi Ring
Di dalam topologi Ring semua workstation dan server dihubungkan sehingga terbentuk suatu pola lingkaran atau cincin. Tiap workstation ataupun server akan menerima dan melewatkan informasi dari satu komputer ke komputer lain, bila alamat- alamat yang dimaksud sesuai maka informasi diterima dan bila tidak informasi akan dilewatkan.
Kelemahan dari topologi ini adalah setiap node dalam jaringan akan selalu ikut serta mengelola informasi yang dilewatkan dalam jaringan, sehingga bila terdapat gangguan di suatu node maka seluruh jaringan akan terganggu.
Keunggulan topologi Ring adalah tidak terjadinya collision atau tabrakan pengiriman data seperti pada topologi Bus, karena hanya satu node dapat mengirimkan data pada suatu saat.
Network Adapter Card (LAN Card)
Setiap network card akan memiliki driver atau program yang berfungsi untuk mengaktifkan dan mengkonfigurasi network adapter tersebut disesuaikan dengan lingkungan dimana network card tersebut dipasang agar dapat digunakan untuk melakukan komunikasi data.
Sistem Operasi Jaringan
Untuk mengelola suatu jaringan diperlukan adanya sistem operasi jaringan. Sistem operasi jaringan dibedakan menjadi dua berdasarkan tipe jaringannnya, yaitu sistem operasi client-server dan system operasi jaringan peer to peer.
1. Jaringan Client-Server
Server adalah komputer yang menyediakan fasilitas bagi komputer-komputer lain didalam jaringan dan client adalah komputer-komputer yang menerima atau menggunakan fasilitas yang disediakan oleh server. Server dijaringan tipe client-server disebut dengan Dedicated Server karena murni berperan sebagai server yang menyediakan fasilitas kepada workstation dan server tersebut tidak dapat berperan sebagai workstation.
Keunggulan
1. Kecepatan akses lebih tinggi karena penyediaan fasilitas jaringan dan pengelolaannya dilakukan secara khusus oleh satu komputer (server) yang tidak dibebani dengan tugas lain sebagai workstation.
2. Sistem keamanan dan administrasi jaringan lebih baik, karena terdapat seorang pemakai yang bertugas sebagai administrator jaringan, yang mengelola administrasi dan sistem keamanan jaringan.
3. Sistem backup data lebih baik, karena pada jaringan client-server backup dilakukan terpusat di server, yang akan membackup seluruh data yang digunakan di dalam jaringan.
Kelemahan
1. Biaya operasional relatif lebih mahal.
2. Diperlukan adanya satu komputer khusus yang berkemampuan lebih untuk ditugaskan sebagai server.
3. Kelangsungan jaringan sangat tergantung pada server. Bila server mengalami gangguan maka secara keseluruhan jaringan akan terganggu.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) adalah sekelompok protokol yang mengatur komunikasi data komputer di internet. Komputer-komputer yang terhubung ke internet berkomunikasi dengan protokol TCP/IP, karena menggunakan bahasa yang sama perbedaan jenis komputer dan sistem operasi tidak menjadi masalah. Komputer PC dengan sistem operasi Windows dapat berkomunikasi dengan komputer Macintosh atau dengan Sun SPARC yang menjalankan solaris. Jadi, jika sebuah komputer menggunakan protokol TCP/IP dan terhubung langsung ke internet, maka komputer tersebut dapat berhubungan dengan komputer di belahan dunia mana pun yang juga terhubung ke internet
Ciri-ciri jaringan komputer:
1. berbagi perangkat keras (hardware).
2. berbagi perangkat lunak (software).
3. berbagi saluran komunikasi (internet).
4. berbagi data dengan mudah.
5. memudahkan komunikasi antar pemakai jaringan.
Local Area Network (LAN) adalah sejumlah komputer yang saling dihubungkan bersama di dalam satu areal tertentu yang tidak begitu luas, seperti di dalam satu kantor atau gedung. Secara garis besar terdapat dua tipe jaringan atau LAN, yaitu jaringan Peer to Peer dan jaringan Client-Server.
Pada jaringan peer to peer, setiap komputer yang terhubung ke jaringan dapat bertindak baik sebagai workstation maupun server. Sedangkan pada jaringan Client-Server, hanya satu komputer yang bertugas sebagai server dan komputer lain berperan sebagai workstation. Antara dua tipe jaringan tersebut masing-masing memiliki keunggulan dan kelemahan, di mana masing-masing akan dijelaskan.
LAN tersusun dari beberapa elemen dasar yang meliputi komponen hardware dan software, yaitu :
1. Komponen Fisik
Personal Computer (PC), Network Interface Card (NIC), Kabel, Topologi jaringan
1. Komponen Software
Sistem Operasi Jaringan, Network Adapter Driver, Protokol Jaringan.
Personal Komputer (PC)
Tipe personal komputer yang digunakan di dalam jaringan akan sangat menentukan unjuk kerja dari jaringan tersebut. Komputer dengan unjuk kerja tinggi akan mampu mengirim dan mengakses data dalam jaringan dengan cepat. Di dalam jaringan tipe Client-Server, komputer yang difungsikan sebagai server mutlak harus memiliki unjuk kerja yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan komputerkomputer lain sebagai workstation-nya, karena server akan bertugas menyediakan fasilitas dan mengelola operasional jaringan tersebut.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Berdasarkan tipe bus, ada beberapa tipe network interface card (nic) atau network card, yaitu ISA dan PCI.
Saat ini terdapat jenis network card yang banyak digunakan, yaitu PCI
Gambar Jenis kartu jaringan Ethernet
Tipe Pengkabelan
Terdapat beberapa tipe pengkabelan yang biasa digunakan dan dapat digunakan untuk mengaplikasikan Jaringan, yaitu:
1. Thin Ethernet (Thinnet)
Thin Ethernet atau Thinnet memiliki keunggulan dalam hal biaya yang relatif lebih murah dibandingkan dengan tipe pengkabelan lain, serta pemasangan komponennya lebih mudah. Panjang kabel thin coaxial/RG-58 antara 0.5 – 185 m dan maksimum 30 komputer terhubung.
1. Thick Ethernet (Thicknet)
Dengan thick Ethernet atau thicknet, jumlah komputer yang dapat dihubungkan dalam jaringan akan lebih banyak dan jarak antara komputer dapat diperbesar, tetapi biaya pengadaan pengkabelan ini lebih mahal serta pemasangannya relatif lebih sulit dibandingkan dengan Thinnet. Pada Thicknet digunakan transceiver untuk menghubungkan setiap komputer dengan sistem jaringan dan konektor yang digunakan adalah konektor tipe DIX. Panjang kabel transceiver maksimum 50 m, panjang kabel Thick Ethernet maksimum 500 m dengan maksimum 100 transceiver terhubung.
1. Twisted Pair Ethernet
Kabel Twisted Pair ini terbagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu shielded dan unshielded. Shielded adalah jenis kabel yang memiliki selubung pembungkus sedangkan unshielded tidak mempunyai selubung pembungkus. Untuk koneksinya kabel jenis ini menggunakan konektor RJ-11 atau RJ-45. Pada twisted pair (10 BaseT) network, komputer disusun membentuk suatu pola star. Setiap PC memiliki satu kabel twisted pair yang tersentral pada HUB. Twisted pair umumnya lebih handal (reliable) dibandingkan dengan thin coax karena HUB mempunyai kemampuan data error correction dan meningkatkan kecepatan transmisi.
Saat ini ada beberapa grade, atau kategori dari kabel twisted pair. Kategori 5 adalah yang paling reliable dan memiliki kompabilitas yang tinggi, dan yang paling disarankan. Berjalan baik pada 10Mbps dan Fast Ethernet (100Mbps). Kabel kategori 5 dapat dibuat straight-through atau crossed.
Kabel straight through digunakan untuk menghubungkan komputer ke HUB. Kabel crossed digunakan untuk menghubungkan HUB ke HUB dan Modem Broadband lansung ke PC (tanpa HUB). Panjang kabel maksimum kabel Twisted-Pair adalah 100 m.
1. Fiber Optic
Jaringan yang menggunakan Fiber Optic (FO) biasanya perusahaan besar, dikarenakan harga dan proses pemasangannya lebih sulit. Namun demikian, jaringan yang menggunakan FO dari segi kehandalan dan kecepatan tidak diragukan. Kecepatan pengiriman data dengan media FO lebih dari 100Mbps dan bebas pengaruh lingkungan.
Protokol TCP/IP
Karena penting peranannya pada sistem operasi Windows dan juga karena protokol TCP/IP merupakan protokol pilihan (default) dari Windows. Protokol TCP berada pada lapisan Transport model OSI (Open System Interconnection), sedangkan IP berada pada lapisan Network mode OSI
IP Address
IP address adalah alamat yang diberikan pada jaringan komputer dan peralatan jaringan yang menggunakan protokol TCP/IP. IP address terdiri atas 32 bit angka biner yang dapat dituliskan sebagai empat kelompok angka desimal yang dipisahkan oleh tanda titik seperti 192.168.0.1.
Network ID Host ID
IP address terdiri atas dua bagian yaitu network ID dan host ID, dimana network ID menentukan alamat jaringan komputer, sedangkan host ID menentukan alamat host (komputer, router, switch). Oleh sebab itu IP address memberikan alamat lengkap suatu host beserta alamat jaringan di mana host itu berada.
Kelas-kelas IP Address
Untuk mempermudah pemakaian, bergantung pada kebutuhan pemakai, IP address dibagi dalam tiga kelas seperti diperlihatkan pada tabel 1.2.
Kelas Network ID Host ID Default Subnet Mask
A xxx.0.0.1 s/d xxx.255.255.254 – Defaul subnet mask : 255.0.0.0
B xxx.xxx.0.1 s/d xxx.xxx.255.254 – Defaul subnet mask : 255.255.0.0
C xxx.xxx.xxx.1 s/d xxx.xxx.xxx.254 – Defaul subnet mask : 255.255.255.0
IP address kelas A diberikan untuk jaringan dengan jumlah host yang sangat besar. Range IP 1.xxx.xxx.xxx. – 126.xxx.xxx.xxx, terdapat 16.777.214 (16 juta) IP address pada tiap kelas A. IP address kelas A diberikan untuk jaringan dengan jumlah host yang sangat besar. Pada IP address kelas A, network ID ialah 8 bit pertama, sedangkan host ID ialah 24 bit berikutnya.
Dengan demikian, cara membaca IP address kelas A, misalnya 113.46.5.6 ialah:
Network ID = 113
Host ID = 46.5.6
Sehingga IP address diatas berarti host nomor 46.5.6 pada network nomor 113.
IP address kelas B biasanya dialokasikan untuk jaringan berukuran sedang dan besar. Pada IP address kelas B, network ID ialah 16 bit pertama, sedangkan host ID ialah 16 bit berikutnya.
Dengan demikian, cara membaca IP address kelas B, misalnya 132.92.121.1
Network ID = 132.92
Host ID = 121.1
Sehingga IP address di atas berarti host nomor 121.1 pada network nomor 132.92. dengan panjang host ID 16 bit, network dengan IP address kelas B dapat menampung sekitar 65000 host. Range IP 128.0.xxx.xxx – 191.255.xxx.xxx
IP address kelas C awalnya digunakan untuk jaringan berukuran kecil (LAN). Host ID ialah 8 bit terakhir. Dengan konfigurasi ini, bisa dibentuk sekitar 2 juta network dengan masing-masing network memiliki 256 IP address. Range IP 192.0.0.xxx – 223.255.255.x.
Pengalokasian IP address pada dasarnya ialah proses memilih network Id dan host ID yang tepat untuk suatu jaringan. Tepat atau tidaknya konfigurasi ini tergantung dari tujuan yang hendak dicapai, yaitu mengalokasikan IP address seefisien mungkin.
Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System (DNS) adalah suatu sistem yang memungkinkan nama suatu host pada jaringan komputer atau internet ditranslasikan menjadi IP address. Dalam pemberian nama, DNS menggunakan arsitektur hierarki.
1. Root-level domain: merupakan tingkat teratas yang ditampilkan sebagai tanda titik (.).
2. Top level domain: kode kategori organisasi atau negara misalnya: .com untuk dipakai oleh perusahaan; .edu untuk dipakai oleh perguruan tinggi; .gov untuk dipakai oleh badan pemerintahan. Selain itu untuk membedakan pemakaian nama oleh suatu negara dengan negara lain digunakan tanda misalnya .id untuk Indonesia atau .au untuk australia.
3. Second level domain: merupakan nama untuk organisasi atau perusahaan, misalnya : microsoft.com; yahoo.com, dan lain-lain.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
IP address dan subnet mask dapat diberikan secara otomatis menggunakan Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol atau diisi secara manual. DHCP berfungsi untuk memberikan IP address secara otomatis pada komputer yang menggunakan protokol TCP/IP. DHCP bekerja dengan relasi client-server, dimana DHCP server menyediakan suatu kelompok IP address yang dapat diberikan pada DHCP client. Dalam memberikan IP address ini, DHCP hanya meminjamkan IP address tersebut. Jadi pemberian IP address ini berlangsung secara dinamis.
Topologi Jaringan adalah gambaran secara fisik dari pola hubungan antara komponen-komponen jaringan, yang meliputi server, workstation, hub dan pengkabelannnya. Terdapat tiga macam topologi jaringan umum digunakan, yaitu Bus, Star dan Ring.
Topologi Bus
Pada topologi Bus digunakan sebuah kabel tunggal atau kabel pusat di mana seluruh workstation dan server dihubungkan. Keunggulan topologi Bus adalah pengembangan jaringan atau penambahan workstation baru dapat dilakukan dengan mudah tanpa mengganggu workstation lain. Kelemahan dari topologi ini adalah bila terdapat gangguan di sepanjang kabel pusat maka keseluruhan jaringan akan mengalami gangguan.
1. Topologi Star
Pada topologi Star, masing-masing workstation dihubungkan secara langsung ke server atau hub. Keunggulan dari topologi tipe Star ini adalah bahwa dengan adanya kabel tersendiri untuk setiap workstation ke server, maka bandwidth atau lebar jalur komunikasi dalam kabel akan semakin lebar sehingga akan meningkatkan unjuk kerja jaringan secara keseluruhan. Dan juga bila terdapat gangguan di suatu jalur kabel maka gangguan hanya akan terjadi dalam komunikasi antara workstation yang bersangkutan dengan server, jaringan secara keseluruhan tidak mengalami gangguan. Kelemahan dari topologi Star adalah kebutuhan kabel yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan topologi lainnya.
2. Topologi Ring
Di dalam topologi Ring semua workstation dan server dihubungkan sehingga terbentuk suatu pola lingkaran atau cincin. Tiap workstation ataupun server akan menerima dan melewatkan informasi dari satu komputer ke komputer lain, bila alamat- alamat yang dimaksud sesuai maka informasi diterima dan bila tidak informasi akan dilewatkan.
Kelemahan dari topologi ini adalah setiap node dalam jaringan akan selalu ikut serta mengelola informasi yang dilewatkan dalam jaringan, sehingga bila terdapat gangguan di suatu node maka seluruh jaringan akan terganggu.
Keunggulan topologi Ring adalah tidak terjadinya collision atau tabrakan pengiriman data seperti pada topologi Bus, karena hanya satu node dapat mengirimkan data pada suatu saat.
Network Adapter Card (LAN Card)
Setiap network card akan memiliki driver atau program yang berfungsi untuk mengaktifkan dan mengkonfigurasi network adapter tersebut disesuaikan dengan lingkungan dimana network card tersebut dipasang agar dapat digunakan untuk melakukan komunikasi data.
Sistem Operasi Jaringan
Untuk mengelola suatu jaringan diperlukan adanya sistem operasi jaringan. Sistem operasi jaringan dibedakan menjadi dua berdasarkan tipe jaringannnya, yaitu sistem operasi client-server dan system operasi jaringan peer to peer.
1. Jaringan Client-Server
Server adalah komputer yang menyediakan fasilitas bagi komputer-komputer lain didalam jaringan dan client adalah komputer-komputer yang menerima atau menggunakan fasilitas yang disediakan oleh server. Server dijaringan tipe client-server disebut dengan Dedicated Server karena murni berperan sebagai server yang menyediakan fasilitas kepada workstation dan server tersebut tidak dapat berperan sebagai workstation.
Keunggulan
1. Kecepatan akses lebih tinggi karena penyediaan fasilitas jaringan dan pengelolaannya dilakukan secara khusus oleh satu komputer (server) yang tidak dibebani dengan tugas lain sebagai workstation.
2. Sistem keamanan dan administrasi jaringan lebih baik, karena terdapat seorang pemakai yang bertugas sebagai administrator jaringan, yang mengelola administrasi dan sistem keamanan jaringan.
3. Sistem backup data lebih baik, karena pada jaringan client-server backup dilakukan terpusat di server, yang akan membackup seluruh data yang digunakan di dalam jaringan.
Kelemahan
1. Biaya operasional relatif lebih mahal.
2. Diperlukan adanya satu komputer khusus yang berkemampuan lebih untuk ditugaskan sebagai server.
3. Kelangsungan jaringan sangat tergantung pada server. Bila server mengalami gangguan maka secara keseluruhan jaringan akan terganggu.
Wednesday, December 3, 2008
Tuesday, November 4, 2008
How to Become a Hacker ...
What is a Hacker ?
Originally, a hacker was someone who makes furniture with an axe. In those days, nails were hard to come by (they had to be made, one by one, by a blacksmith), screws did not exist, and saws were only used to slice trees into beams and planks. A carpenter would use an axe to hack wood in to table legs or so, and to shape the parts in such a way that they could be joint together with glue. This takes quite some skill.
When I was working in Azerbaijan in 1997, there was a carpenter, Ali, who still worked that way, and the beds, tables and cabinets he made were better, stronger than those of his younger colleagues, who used more modern techniques. They also had a rough kind of beauty to them. Ali was a hacker.
It goes without saying that if a less skilled person would try to hack furniture with an axe, the result would be rather less impressive.
picture of Ali
-- Ali --
Hacking is about skill, competence, excellence. The term 'hacker' got a new meaning when computer technology began to evolve. It dates back to the first time-sharing minicomputers and the earliest ARPAnet experiments. (The ARPAnet was the seed from which the internet grew.) Hackers built the Internet. Hackers made the Unix operating system what it is today. Hackers make the World Wide Web work.
In The Jargon File (entry:hacker) you can look up the meaning(s) of the words 'hacker' and 'hack'. You'll find things like
* Hack : An incredibly good, and perhaps very time-consuming, piece of work that produces exactly what is needed.
* to hack : To pull a prank on. Preferably in a playful, harmless way but with ingenuity, and ideally involving the (creative) use of technology.
* to interact with a computer in a playful and exploratory rather than goal-directed way.
* Hacker : A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary.
* An expert at a particular program, or one who frequently does work using it or on it; as in `a Unix hacker'.
* An expert or enthusiast of any kind. One might be an astronomy hacker, for example.
* One who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming or circumventing limitations.
But in short : someone who enjoys doing something in a creative way and is extremely good at it - the 'something' ideally being scientific, technological, etc.
But there's more to it. Being (or becoming) a hacker has also something to do with the hacker mind-set, hacker attitude, belonging to the hacker culture - and being acknowledged by other hackers.
Some insight in Hacker history, the hacker culture, its legends, its folklore, hacker ethics and so on can be found in these papers by Erik Brunvand, Department of Computer Science, University of Utah, SLC, Utah 84112.
And here is an exploration into the actual meaning of the word "hacking"
How do I become a hacker ?
In his paper on How to Become a Hacker, Eric S. Raymond describes these aspects of hackerdom rather in detail. The main requirements to become a hacker are competence (skills), attitude and style.
1. Skills
1. Learn how to program.
This is the fundamental hacking skill. It means you'll have to learn a programming language. Preferably more than one; you can learn a lot by comparing two languages and look for similarities and differences in the way they handle a situation.
But programming is more than writing code.
2. Learn to run an operating system.
The Hacker community is much Unix/Linux oriented (nowadays). There are several reasons, an important one being that with (open-source) Unixes you get the code as well. You can actually read how the operating system is written, you can get to know it well enough to modify if you want to.
Unix / Linux is also very network/internet oriented : learning to understand Unix / Linux will help for the next skill you'll need to acquire. And it comes with free programming tools.
(get your hands dirty : Learn Linux Hands-On) :
3. Learn about datacommunication and networks : How do computers talk to each other ?
4. Learn how to use the World Wide Web and write HTML.
Technically, the internet is just a collection of computer networks. But it has become an important communication medium as well, and can be used for many things. Sharing information is one. You'll need to know how to write HTML to publish on the web.
Designing a web site with a good logical structure and a matching directory structure is also an exercise worth doing to sharpen a skill or two.
5. If you don't have functional English, learn it. A lot of information, be it on the web or in books, is only available in English. And apparently English has developed a richer technical vocabulary so that a lot gets lost in translations.
2. Style
Style matters. Not as much as competence though. In a way, your style is an expression of your personality, and as in any group of kindred spirits, hackers recognize certain personality traits. Apart from intelligence, the ability to learn, concentration, analytical thinking, hackers usually also show signs that they use both hemispheres of the brain, not just the left side, the logical, analytical mind. This ability allows them to dig in to the logic of a problem, then step out of it again to see the bigger picture or try a completely different, unexpected approach, or to intuitively know where to start.
Activities that show you may have this ability, and can help you to improve it, are
* Learn to write your native language well. Expressing your thoughts (in writing) helps to organize your thoughts, see relationships, approach a subject from different angles.
* Read science fiction. Among my favorites are
o Star Trek (Captain Kirk is a hacker. So is Scotty.)
o Isaac Asimov
o Kurt Vonnegut. I never thought of Kurt Vonnegut as a science fiction writer, but he seems to fit in here. I like the way he can put together a good story with unique humor, consistently elaborating pleasantly bizarre starting points.
o The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy
* Study Zen (and/or take up martial arts - the mental discipline seems similar in important ways). You may start by reading Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, by Robert M. Pirsig. Although, in the author's words "it should in no way be associated with that great body of factual information relating to orthodox Zen Buddhist practice. It's not very factual on motorcycles, either", it provides an interesting way of looking at technology, some insight on how the analytical mind works, a few Zen like things, and something about Quality. Quality is good.
* Develop an analytical ear for music. Learn to appreciate peculiar kinds of music. Learn to play some musical instrument well, or how to sing. Discover the mathematics of music, and the beauty in the mathematics. (Read Blues for Nerds as a first introduction)
* Develop your appreciation of puns and wordplay.(Here may be a good starting point.)
The more of these things you already do, the more likely it is that you are natural hacker material.
3. Attitude
Hackers solve problems and build things, and they believe in freedom and voluntary mutual help. Hacker Attitude has to do with finding pleasure in solving problems and building things, looking for new problems to solve rather than re-invent the wheel time and time again. Hackers are open-minded, towards the problems they want to solve as well as towards the world in general. Hackers avoid boredom and brain-dead repetitive work (they rather invent a way to automate it instead). Most important : they believe that attitude is no substitute for competence.
To be accepted as a hacker, you have to behave as though you have this kind of attitude yourself. And to behave as though you have the attitude, you have to really believe the attitude. But if you think of cultivating hacker attitudes as just a way to gain acceptance in the culture, you'll miss the point. Becoming the kind of person who believes these things is important for you -- for helping you learn and keeping you motivated. As with all creative arts, the most effective way to become a master is to imitate the mind-set of masters -- not just intellectually but emotionally as well.
Or, as the following modern Zen poem has it:
to follow the path,
look to the master,
follow the master,
walk with the master,
see through the master,
become the master.
(from How to Become a Hacker by Eric S. Raymond)
Style and Attitude are important, but can never be a substitute for competence. Attitude without competence means your posing. Attitude and style are things you develop in time. Hacker skills require intelligence, and hard work. The 'Library' part of this site is a collection of tutorials and other information that could be useful to acquire some of these skills.
4. Status
There are hackers and hackers. Some hackers obviously are more well-known than others. Some Hackers' names are pronounced with reverence, also by other hackers. There is something like status in the hacker community : see How to Become a Hacker by Eric S. Raymond.
You can also check out these 10 tips for would-be hackers, by Gary Robson
5. Ethics
With knowledge comes power, and with power comes responsibility.
Many books have been written about ethics, many more will be written. I won't add to that discussion. Star Wars said it all : there are hackers, so there is also the temptation of The Dark Side.
Originally, a hacker was someone who makes furniture with an axe. In those days, nails were hard to come by (they had to be made, one by one, by a blacksmith), screws did not exist, and saws were only used to slice trees into beams and planks. A carpenter would use an axe to hack wood in to table legs or so, and to shape the parts in such a way that they could be joint together with glue. This takes quite some skill.
When I was working in Azerbaijan in 1997, there was a carpenter, Ali, who still worked that way, and the beds, tables and cabinets he made were better, stronger than those of his younger colleagues, who used more modern techniques. They also had a rough kind of beauty to them. Ali was a hacker.
It goes without saying that if a less skilled person would try to hack furniture with an axe, the result would be rather less impressive.
picture of Ali
-- Ali --
Hacking is about skill, competence, excellence. The term 'hacker' got a new meaning when computer technology began to evolve. It dates back to the first time-sharing minicomputers and the earliest ARPAnet experiments. (The ARPAnet was the seed from which the internet grew.) Hackers built the Internet. Hackers made the Unix operating system what it is today. Hackers make the World Wide Web work.
In The Jargon File (entry:hacker) you can look up the meaning(s) of the words 'hacker' and 'hack'. You'll find things like
* Hack : An incredibly good, and perhaps very time-consuming, piece of work that produces exactly what is needed.
* to hack : To pull a prank on. Preferably in a playful, harmless way but with ingenuity, and ideally involving the (creative) use of technology.
* to interact with a computer in a playful and exploratory rather than goal-directed way.
* Hacker : A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary.
* An expert at a particular program, or one who frequently does work using it or on it; as in `a Unix hacker'.
* An expert or enthusiast of any kind. One might be an astronomy hacker, for example.
* One who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming or circumventing limitations.
But in short : someone who enjoys doing something in a creative way and is extremely good at it - the 'something' ideally being scientific, technological, etc.
But there's more to it. Being (or becoming) a hacker has also something to do with the hacker mind-set, hacker attitude, belonging to the hacker culture - and being acknowledged by other hackers.
Some insight in Hacker history, the hacker culture, its legends, its folklore, hacker ethics and so on can be found in these papers by Erik Brunvand, Department of Computer Science, University of Utah, SLC, Utah 84112.
And here is an exploration into the actual meaning of the word "hacking"
How do I become a hacker ?
In his paper on How to Become a Hacker, Eric S. Raymond describes these aspects of hackerdom rather in detail. The main requirements to become a hacker are competence (skills), attitude and style.
1. Skills
1. Learn how to program.
This is the fundamental hacking skill. It means you'll have to learn a programming language. Preferably more than one; you can learn a lot by comparing two languages and look for similarities and differences in the way they handle a situation.
But programming is more than writing code.
2. Learn to run an operating system.
The Hacker community is much Unix/Linux oriented (nowadays). There are several reasons, an important one being that with (open-source) Unixes you get the code as well. You can actually read how the operating system is written, you can get to know it well enough to modify if you want to.
Unix / Linux is also very network/internet oriented : learning to understand Unix / Linux will help for the next skill you'll need to acquire. And it comes with free programming tools.
(get your hands dirty : Learn Linux Hands-On) :
3. Learn about datacommunication and networks : How do computers talk to each other ?
4. Learn how to use the World Wide Web and write HTML.
Technically, the internet is just a collection of computer networks. But it has become an important communication medium as well, and can be used for many things. Sharing information is one. You'll need to know how to write HTML to publish on the web.
Designing a web site with a good logical structure and a matching directory structure is also an exercise worth doing to sharpen a skill or two.
5. If you don't have functional English, learn it. A lot of information, be it on the web or in books, is only available in English. And apparently English has developed a richer technical vocabulary so that a lot gets lost in translations.
2. Style
Style matters. Not as much as competence though. In a way, your style is an expression of your personality, and as in any group of kindred spirits, hackers recognize certain personality traits. Apart from intelligence, the ability to learn, concentration, analytical thinking, hackers usually also show signs that they use both hemispheres of the brain, not just the left side, the logical, analytical mind. This ability allows them to dig in to the logic of a problem, then step out of it again to see the bigger picture or try a completely different, unexpected approach, or to intuitively know where to start.
Activities that show you may have this ability, and can help you to improve it, are
* Learn to write your native language well. Expressing your thoughts (in writing) helps to organize your thoughts, see relationships, approach a subject from different angles.
* Read science fiction. Among my favorites are
o Star Trek (Captain Kirk is a hacker. So is Scotty.)
o Isaac Asimov
o Kurt Vonnegut. I never thought of Kurt Vonnegut as a science fiction writer, but he seems to fit in here. I like the way he can put together a good story with unique humor, consistently elaborating pleasantly bizarre starting points.
o The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy
* Study Zen (and/or take up martial arts - the mental discipline seems similar in important ways). You may start by reading Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, by Robert M. Pirsig. Although, in the author's words "it should in no way be associated with that great body of factual information relating to orthodox Zen Buddhist practice. It's not very factual on motorcycles, either", it provides an interesting way of looking at technology, some insight on how the analytical mind works, a few Zen like things, and something about Quality. Quality is good.
* Develop an analytical ear for music. Learn to appreciate peculiar kinds of music. Learn to play some musical instrument well, or how to sing. Discover the mathematics of music, and the beauty in the mathematics. (Read Blues for Nerds as a first introduction)
* Develop your appreciation of puns and wordplay.(Here may be a good starting point.)
The more of these things you already do, the more likely it is that you are natural hacker material.
3. Attitude
Hackers solve problems and build things, and they believe in freedom and voluntary mutual help. Hacker Attitude has to do with finding pleasure in solving problems and building things, looking for new problems to solve rather than re-invent the wheel time and time again. Hackers are open-minded, towards the problems they want to solve as well as towards the world in general. Hackers avoid boredom and brain-dead repetitive work (they rather invent a way to automate it instead). Most important : they believe that attitude is no substitute for competence.
To be accepted as a hacker, you have to behave as though you have this kind of attitude yourself. And to behave as though you have the attitude, you have to really believe the attitude. But if you think of cultivating hacker attitudes as just a way to gain acceptance in the culture, you'll miss the point. Becoming the kind of person who believes these things is important for you -- for helping you learn and keeping you motivated. As with all creative arts, the most effective way to become a master is to imitate the mind-set of masters -- not just intellectually but emotionally as well.
Or, as the following modern Zen poem has it:
to follow the path,
look to the master,
follow the master,
walk with the master,
see through the master,
become the master.
(from How to Become a Hacker by Eric S. Raymond)
Style and Attitude are important, but can never be a substitute for competence. Attitude without competence means your posing. Attitude and style are things you develop in time. Hacker skills require intelligence, and hard work. The 'Library' part of this site is a collection of tutorials and other information that could be useful to acquire some of these skills.
4. Status
There are hackers and hackers. Some hackers obviously are more well-known than others. Some Hackers' names are pronounced with reverence, also by other hackers. There is something like status in the hacker community : see How to Become a Hacker by Eric S. Raymond.
You can also check out these 10 tips for would-be hackers, by Gary Robson
5. Ethics
With knowledge comes power, and with power comes responsibility.
Many books have been written about ethics, many more will be written. I won't add to that discussion. Star Wars said it all : there are hackers, so there is also the temptation of The Dark Side.
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
INJECT ESIA CDMA PHONEs
TECHNIK INJECTION & SETTING NAM
When we inject to a HP, it means we want to enter a service to us in the mobile phone. Some illustration that can explain the settings and inject Nam, before we make a Warlock, such as:
1. In the heart (Computer System) no phone service at (0888xxxxxxx) you must put the number ESN otherwise a HEX handset you
2. In the heart (Setting NAM) handset you must have no phone (0888xxxxxxx) you and the other setting such as the SID / NID, primary and secondary channels channels, etc..
So, if we only setting NAM in the handset, clearly will not be discarded and not recognized by the operator, should be brought to the service first, setting a new diinject NAM, and direct KRIIIING ... G. But this does not apply if the phone is that we have in the Warlock, we first need to Warlock after the new diinject and Settings NAM. We will learn more about the return because here Unlocking new games started.
The following SID / NID for Jakarta and its surroundings:
FLEXI 10496
StarOne 10,819
FREN 10530
ESIA 10,623
Channel Flexi (JAKARTA)
A primary 119 or 725
primary B 37 or 750
A secondary 78 or 775
secondary B 777
Channel free (JAKARTA)
A primary 625
B 675 primary
A secondary 650
secondary B 777
Channel FREN (JAKARTA)
A primary 25
primary B 37
A secondary 466
secondary B 777
Channel ESIA (JAKARTA)
A primary 30
primary B 72
A secondary 78
secondary B 777
Outside the country SID / NID is very open, almost all pengunakan CDMA mobile phone to know, not like in Indonesia, which it is related to the service, and in the end we can not develop and only by depending on the service related, so from that Indonesia had not advanced.
HOW TO SID / NID IN OTHER CITIES
No need to be difficult, difficult for us to get information value SID / NID in other cities and may SID / NID, which is displayed has changed since the beginning of Feb, 2005, CDMA operators will be more vigilant injection & NAM settings that can be done alone. To know the SID / NIC, primary, secondary channel and the setting of many other operators, how:
1. Prepare the handset NOKIA RUIM
2. Enter RUIM card
3. Turn Handphonenya (do not forget the past)
4. Press * 3001 # 12345 #
5. Select NAM1
6. There will be visible to settingan2 SID / NIC, the other.
FAILED INJECT & SETTING NAM
Some of the failure of the Inject & Settings NAM, in general, because
1. Operator mistakenly entered a no. ESN in their database server.
2. Dihandset and enter one of setting2an other.
3. Choose the wrong frequency, usually for the handset dualband Automatic A = 1900 MHz, Automatic B = 800 MHz, and others.
4. ESN number written on different machines with the dibody. Follow ESN engine, when dimesin in DEC, must change it to be otherwise a HEX.
5. PRL handset that is not suitable, most in need of upgrading / flash version to a higher level.
6. Handset damaged both the damage Hardware / Software.
MATHEMATICS IN DEC ESN to ESN otherwise a HEX
Code ESN DEC will not be entered in the database service, therefore we need to convert from DEC to ESN ESN otherwise a HEX.
DEC Decimal = (number 10)
Otherwise a HEX Heximal = (number 16)
How easily the most:
1. Prepare Scientific Calculator, Calculator, or packing your PC, change the shape of the Scientist.
2. DEC ESN write piece of paper above. Separate 3 of the first number the rest. For example, 123 45678901
3. Use a calculator to change the number 3 is the first to be otherwise a HEX, I live in a PC click / press button, otherwise a HEX, and change the number remaining mejadi otherwise a HEX
From 12356789
a 123 456789
and to the hex 7B 6F855 -> which will be submitted to the DB!
When we inject to a HP, it means we want to enter a service to us in the mobile phone. Some illustration that can explain the settings and inject Nam, before we make a Warlock, such as:
1. In the heart (Computer System) no phone service at (0888xxxxxxx) you must put the number ESN otherwise a HEX handset you
2. In the heart (Setting NAM) handset you must have no phone (0888xxxxxxx) you and the other setting such as the SID / NID, primary and secondary channels channels, etc..
So, if we only setting NAM in the handset, clearly will not be discarded and not recognized by the operator, should be brought to the service first, setting a new diinject NAM, and direct KRIIIING ... G. But this does not apply if the phone is that we have in the Warlock, we first need to Warlock after the new diinject and Settings NAM. We will learn more about the return because here Unlocking new games started.
The following SID / NID for Jakarta and its surroundings:
FLEXI 10496
StarOne 10,819
FREN 10530
ESIA 10,623
Channel Flexi (JAKARTA)
A primary 119 or 725
primary B 37 or 750
A secondary 78 or 775
secondary B 777
Channel free (JAKARTA)
A primary 625
B 675 primary
A secondary 650
secondary B 777
Channel FREN (JAKARTA)
A primary 25
primary B 37
A secondary 466
secondary B 777
Channel ESIA (JAKARTA)
A primary 30
primary B 72
A secondary 78
secondary B 777
Outside the country SID / NID is very open, almost all pengunakan CDMA mobile phone to know, not like in Indonesia, which it is related to the service, and in the end we can not develop and only by depending on the service related, so from that Indonesia had not advanced.
HOW TO SID / NID IN OTHER CITIES
No need to be difficult, difficult for us to get information value SID / NID in other cities and may SID / NID, which is displayed has changed since the beginning of Feb, 2005, CDMA operators will be more vigilant injection & NAM settings that can be done alone. To know the SID / NIC, primary, secondary channel and the setting of many other operators, how:
1. Prepare the handset NOKIA RUIM
2. Enter RUIM card
3. Turn Handphonenya (do not forget the past)
4. Press * 3001 # 12345 #
5. Select NAM1
6. There will be visible to settingan2 SID / NIC, the other.
FAILED INJECT & SETTING NAM
Some of the failure of the Inject & Settings NAM, in general, because
1. Operator mistakenly entered a no. ESN in their database server.
2. Dihandset and enter one of setting2an other.
3. Choose the wrong frequency, usually for the handset dualband Automatic A = 1900 MHz, Automatic B = 800 MHz, and others.
4. ESN number written on different machines with the dibody. Follow ESN engine, when dimesin in DEC, must change it to be otherwise a HEX.
5. PRL handset that is not suitable, most in need of upgrading / flash version to a higher level.
6. Handset damaged both the damage Hardware / Software.
MATHEMATICS IN DEC ESN to ESN otherwise a HEX
Code ESN DEC will not be entered in the database service, therefore we need to convert from DEC to ESN ESN otherwise a HEX.
DEC Decimal = (number 10)
Otherwise a HEX Heximal = (number 16)
How easily the most:
1. Prepare Scientific Calculator, Calculator, or packing your PC, change the shape of the Scientist.
2. DEC ESN write piece of paper above. Separate 3 of the first number the rest. For example, 123 45678901
3. Use a calculator to change the number 3 is the first to be otherwise a HEX, I live in a PC click / press button, otherwise a HEX, and change the number remaining mejadi otherwise a HEX
From 12356789
a 123 456789
and to the hex 7B 6F855 -> which will be submitted to the DB!
Monday, October 27, 2008
Status in the Hacker Culture
Status in the Hacker Culture
Like most cultures without a money economy, hackerdom runs on reputation. You're trying to solve interesting problems, but how interesting they are, and whether your solutions are really good, is something that only your technical peers or superiors are normally equipped to judge.
Accordingly, when you play the hacker game, you learn to keep score primarily by what other hackers think of your skill (this is why you aren't really a hacker until other hackers consistently call you one). This fact is obscured by the image of hacking as solitary work; also by a hacker-cultural taboo (gradually decaying since the late 1990s but still potent) against admitting that ego or external validation are involved in one's motivation at all.
Specifically, hackerdom is what anthropologists call a gift culture. You gain status and reputation in it not by dominating other people, nor by being beautiful, nor by having things other people want, but rather by giving things away. Specifically, by giving away your time, your creativity, and the results of your skill.
There are basically five kinds of things you can do to be respected by hackers:
1. Write open-source software
The first (the most central and most traditional) is to write programs that other hackers think are fun or useful, and give the program sources away to the whole hacker culture to use.
(We used to call these works “free software”, but this confused too many people who weren't sure exactly what “free” was supposed to mean. Most of us now prefer the term “open-source” software).
Hackerdom's most revered demigods are people who have written large, capable programs that met a widespread need and given them away, so that now everyone uses them.
But there's a bit of a fine historical point here. While hackers have always looked up to the open-source developers among them as our community's hardest core, before the mid-1990s most hackers most of the time worked on closed source. This was still true when I wrote the first version of this HOWTO in 1996; it took the mainstreaming of open-source software after 1997 to change things. Today, "the hacker community" and "open-source developers" are two descriptions for what is essentially the same culture and population — but it is worth remembering that this was not always so.
2. Help test and debug open-source software
They also serve who stand and debug open-source software. In this imperfect world, we will inevitably spend most of our software development time in the debugging phase. That's why any open-source author who's thinking will tell you that good beta-testers (who know how to describe symptoms clearly, localize problems well, can tolerate bugs in a quickie release, and are willing to apply a few simple diagnostic routines) are worth their weight in rubies. Even one of these can make the difference between a debugging phase that's a protracted, exhausting nightmare and one that's merely a salutary nuisance.
If you're a newbie, try to find a program under development that you're interested in and be a good beta-tester. There's a natural progression from helping test programs to helping debug them to helping modify them. You'll learn a lot this way, and generate good karma with people who will help you later on.
3. Publish useful information
Another good thing is to collect and filter useful and interesting information into web pages or documents like Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) lists, and make those generally available.
Maintainers of major technical FAQs get almost as much respect as open-source authors.
4. Help keep the infrastructure working
The hacker culture (and the engineering development of the Internet, for that matter) is run by volunteers. There's a lot of necessary but unglamorous work that needs done to keep it going — administering mailing lists, moderating newsgroups, maintaining large software archive sites, developing RFCs and other technical standards.
People who do this sort of thing well get a lot of respect, because everybody knows these jobs are huge time sinks and not as much fun as playing with code. Doing them shows dedication.
5. Serve the hacker culture itself
Finally, you can serve and propagate the culture itself (by, for example, writing an accurate primer on how to become a hacker :-)). This is not something you'll be positioned to do until you've been around for while and become well-known for one of the first four things.
The hacker culture doesn't have leaders, exactly, but it does have culture heroes and tribal elders and historians and spokespeople. When you've been in the trenches long enough, you may grow into one of these. Beware: hackers distrust blatant ego in their tribal elders, so visibly reaching for this kind of fame is dangerous. Rather than striving for it, you have to sort of position yourself so it drops in your lap, and then be modest and gracious about your status.
The Hacker/Nerd Connection
Contrary to popular myth, you don't have to be a nerd to be a hacker. It does help, however, and many hackers are in fact nerds. Being something of a social outcast helps you stay concentrated on the really important things, like thinking and hacking.
For this reason, many hackers have adopted the label ‘geek’ as a badge of pride — it's a way of declaring their independence from normal social expectations (as well as a fondness for other things like science fiction and strategy games that often go with being a hacker). The term 'nerd' used to be used this way back in the 1990s, back when 'nerd' was a mild pejorative and 'geek' a rather harsher one; sometime after 2000 they switched places, at least in U.S. popular culture, and there is now even a significant geek-pride culture among people who aren't techies.
If you can manage to concentrate enough on hacking to be good at it and still have a life, that's fine. This is a lot easier today than it was when I was a newbie in the 1970s; mainstream culture is much friendlier to techno-nerds now. There are even growing numbers of people who realize that hackers are often high-quality lover and spouse material.
If you're attracted to hacking because you don't have a life, that's OK too — at least you won't have trouble concentrating. Maybe you'll get a life later on.
from : http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html#believe1
Basic Hacking Skills
Basic Hacking Skills
The hacker attitude is vital, but skills are even more vital. Attitude is no substitute for competence, and there's a certain basic toolkit of skills which you have to have before any hacker will dream of calling you one.
This toolkit changes slowly over time as technology creates new skills and makes old ones obsolete. For example, it used to include programming in machine language, and didn't until recently involve HTML. But right now it pretty clearly includes the following:
1. Learn how to program.
This, of course, is the fundamental hacking skill. If you don't know any computer languages, I recommend starting with Python. It is cleanly designed, well documented, and relatively kind to beginners. Despite being a good first language, it is not just a toy; it is very powerful and flexible and well suited for large projects. I have written a more detailed evaluation of Python. Good tutorials are available at the Python web site.
I used to recommend Java as a good language to learn early, but this critique has changed my mind (search for “The Pitfalls of Java as a First Programming Language” within it). A hacker cannot, as they devastatingly put it “approach problem-solving like a plumber in a hardware store”; you have to know what the components actually do. Now I think it is probably best to learn C and Lisp first, then Java.
If you get into serious programming, you will have to learn C, the core language of Unix. C++ is very closely related to C; if you know one, learning the other will not be difficult. Neither language is a good one to try learning as your first, however. And, actually, the more you can avoid programming in C the more productive you will be.
C is very efficient, and very sparing of your machine's resources. Unfortunately, C gets that efficiency by requiring you to do a lot of low-level management of resources (like memory) by hand. All that low-level code is complex and bug-prone, and will soak up huge amounts of your time on debugging. With today's machines as powerful as they are, this is usually a bad tradeoff — it's smarter to use a language that uses the machine's time less efficiently, but your time much more efficiently. Thus, Python.
Other languages of particular importance to hackers include Perl and LISP. Perl is worth learning for practical reasons; it's very widely used for active web pages and system administration, so that even if you never write Perl you should learn to read it. Many people use Perl in the way I suggest you should use Python, to avoid C programming on jobs that don't require C's machine efficiency. You will need to be able to understand their code.
LISP is worth learning for a different reason — the profound enlightenment experience you will have when you finally get it. That experience will make you a better programmer for the rest of your days, even if you never actually use LISP itself a lot. (You can get some beginning experience with LISP fairly easily by writing and modifying editing modes for the Emacs text editor, or Script-Fu plugins for the GIMP.)
It's best, actually, to learn all five of Python, C/C++, Java, Perl, and LISP. Besides being the most important hacking languages, they represent very different approaches to programming, and each will educate you in valuable ways.
But be aware that you won't reach the skill level of a hacker or even merely a programmer simply by accumulating languages — you need to learn how to think about programming problems in a general way, independent of any one language. To be a real hacker, you need to get to the point where you can learn a new language in days by relating what's in the manual to what you already know. This means you should learn several very different languages.
I can't give complete instructions on how to learn to program here — it's a complex skill. But I can tell you that books and courses won't do it — many, maybe most of the best hackers are self-taught. You can learn language features — bits of knowledge — from books, but the mind-set that makes that knowledge into living skill can be learned only by practice and apprenticeship. What will do it is (a) reading code and (b) writing code.
Peter Norvig, who is one of Google's top hackers and the co-author of the most widely used textbook on AI, has written an excellent essay called Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years. His "recipe for programming success" is worth careful attention.
Learning to program is like learning to write good natural language. The best way to do it is to read some stuff written by masters of the form, write some things yourself, read a lot more, write a little more, read a lot more, write some more ... and repeat until your writing begins to develop the kind of strength and economy you see in your models.
Finding good code to read used to be hard, because there were few large programs available in source for fledgeling hackers to read and tinker with. This has changed dramatically; open-source software, programming tools, and operating systems (all built by hackers) are now widely available. Which brings me neatly to our next topic...
2. Get one of the open-source Unixes and learn to use and run it.
I'll assume you have a personal computer or can get access to one. (Take a moment to appreciate how much that means. The hacker culture originally evolved back when computers were so expensive that individuals could not own them.) The single most important step any newbie can take toward acquiring hacker skills is to get a copy of Linux or one of the BSD-Unixes or OpenSolaris, install it on a personal machine, and run it.
Yes, there are other operating systems in the world besides Unix. But they're distributed in binary — you can't read the code, and you can't modify it. Trying to learn to hack on a Microsoft Windows machine or under any other closed-source system is like trying to learn to dance while wearing a body cast.
Under Mac OS X it's possible, but only part of the system is open source — you're likely to hit a lot of walls, and you have to be careful not to develop the bad habit of depending on Apple's proprietary code. If you concentrate on the Unix under the hood you can learn some useful things.
Unix is the operating system of the Internet. While you can learn to use the Internet without knowing Unix, you can't be an Internet hacker without understanding Unix. For this reason, the hacker culture today is pretty strongly Unix-centered. (This wasn't always true, and some old-time hackers still aren't happy about it, but the symbiosis between Unix and the Internet has become strong enough that even Microsoft's muscle doesn't seem able to seriously dent it.)
So, bring up a Unix — I like Linux myself but there are other ways (and yes, you can run both Linux and Microsoft Windows on the same machine). Learn it. Run it. Tinker with it. Talk to the Internet with it. Read the code. Modify the code. You'll get better programming tools (including C, LISP, Python, and Perl) than any Microsoft operating system can dream of hosting, you'll have fun, and you'll soak up more knowledge than you realize you're learning until you look back on it as a master hacker.
For more about learning Unix, see The Loginataka. You might also want to have a look at The Art Of Unix Programming.
To get your hands on a Linux, see the Linux Online! site; you can download from there or (better idea) find a local Linux user group to help you with installation.
During the first ten years of this HOWTO's life, I reported that from a new user's point of view, all Linux distributions are almost equivalent. But in 2006-2007, an actual best choice emerged: Ubuntu. While other distros have their own areas of strength, Ubuntu is far and away the most accessible to Linux newbies.
You can find BSD Unix help and resources at www.bsd.org.
A good way to dip your toes in the water is to boot up what Linux fans call a live CD, a distribution that runs entirely off a CD without having to modify your hard disk. This will be slow, because CDs are slow, but it's a way to get a look at the possibilities without having to do anything drastic.
I have written a primer on the basics of Unix and the Internet.
I used to recommend against installing either Linux or BSD as a solo project if you're a newbie. Nowadays the installers have gotten good enough that doing it entirely on your own is possible, even for a newbie. Nevertheless, I still recommend making contact with your local Linux user's group and asking for help. It can't hurt, and may smooth the process.
3. Learn how to use the World Wide Web and write HTML.
Most of the things the hacker culture has built do their work out of sight, helping run factories and offices and universities without any obvious impact on how non-hackers live. The Web is the one big exception, the huge shiny hacker toy that even politicians admit has changed the world. For this reason alone (and a lot of other good ones as well) you need to learn how to work the Web.
This doesn't just mean learning how to drive a browser (anyone can do that), but learning how to write HTML, the Web's markup language. If you don't know how to program, writing HTML will teach you some mental habits that will help you learn. So build a home page. Try to stick to XHTML, which is a cleaner language than classic HTML. (There are good beginner tutorials on the Web; here's one.)
But just having a home page isn't anywhere near good enough to make you a hacker. The Web is full of home pages. Most of them are pointless, zero-content sludge — very snazzy-looking sludge, mind you, but sludge all the same (for more on this see The HTML Hell Page).
To be worthwhile, your page must have content — it must be interesting and/or useful to other hackers. And that brings us to the next topic...
4. If you don't have functional English, learn it.
As an American and native English-speaker myself, I have previously been reluctant to suggest this, lest it be taken as a sort of cultural imperialism. But several native speakers of other languages have urged me to point out that English is the working language of the hacker culture and the Internet, and that you will need to know it to function in the hacker community.
Back around 1991 I learned that many hackers who have English as a second language use it in technical discussions even when they share a birth tongue; it was reported to me at the time that English has a richer technical vocabulary than any other language and is therefore simply a better tool for the job. For similar reasons, translations of technical books written in English are often unsatisfactory (when they get done at all).
Linus Torvalds, a Finn, comments his code in English (it apparently never occurred to him to do otherwise). His fluency in English has been an important factor in his ability to recruit a worldwide community of developers for Linux. It's an example worth following.
Being a native English-speaker does not guarantee that you have language skills good enough to function as a hacker. If your writing is semi-literate, ungrammatical, and riddled with misspellings, many hackers (including myself) will tend to ignore you. While sloppy writing does not invariably mean sloppy thinking, we've generally found the correlation to be strong — and we have no use for sloppy thinkers. If you can't yet write competently, learn to.
fr0m : http://www.catb.org
The Hacker Attitude
The Hacker Attitude
Hackers solve problems and build things, and they believe in freedom and voluntary mutual help. To be accepted as a hacker, you have to behave as though you have this kind of attitude yourself. And to behave as though you have the attitude, you have to really believe the attitude.
But if you think of cultivating hacker attitudes as just a way to gain acceptance in the culture, you'll miss the point. Becoming the kind of person who believes these things is important for you — for helping you learn and keeping you motivated. As with all creative arts, the most effective way to become a master is to imitate the mind-set of masters — not just intellectually but emotionally as well.
Or, as the following modern Zen poem has it:
To follow the path:
look to the master,
follow the master,
walk with the master,
see through the master,
become the master.
So, if you want to be a hacker, repeat the following things until you believe them:
1. The world is full of fascinating problems waiting to be solved.
Being a hacker is lots of fun, but it's a kind of fun that takes lots of effort. The effort takes motivation. Successful athletes get their motivation from a kind of physical delight in making their bodies perform, in pushing themselves past their own physical limits. Similarly, to be a hacker you have to get a basic thrill from solving problems, sharpening your skills, and exercising your intelligence.
If you aren't the kind of person that feels this way naturally, you'll need to become one in order to make it as a hacker. Otherwise you'll find your hacking energy is sapped by distractions like sex, money, and social approval.
(You also have to develop a kind of faith in your own learning capacity — a belief that even though you may not know all of what you need to solve a problem, if you tackle just a piece of it and learn from that, you'll learn enough to solve the next piece — and so on, until you're done.)
2. No problem should ever have to be solved twice.
Creative brains are a valuable, limited resource. They shouldn't be wasted on re-inventing the wheel when there are so many fascinating new problems waiting out there.
To behave like a hacker, you have to believe that the thinking time of other hackers is precious — so much so that it's almost a moral duty for you to share information, solve problems and then give the solutions away just so other hackers can solve new problems instead of having to perpetually re-address old ones.
Note, however, that "No problem should ever have to be solved twice." does not imply that you have to consider all existing solutions sacred, or that there is only one right solution to any given problem. Often, we learn a lot about the problem that we didn't know before by studying the first cut at a solution. It's OK, and often necessary, to decide that we can do better. What's not OK is artificial technical, legal, or institutional barriers (like closed-source code) that prevent a good solution from being re-used and force people to re-invent wheels.
(You don't have to believe that you're obligated to give all your creative product away, though the hackers that do are the ones that get most respect from other hackers. It's consistent with hacker values to sell enough of it to keep you in food and rent and computers. It's fine to use your hacking skills to support a family or even get rich, as long as you don't forget your loyalty to your art and your fellow hackers while doing it.)
3. Boredom and drudgery are evil.
Hackers (and creative people in general) should never be bored or have to drudge at stupid repetitive work, because when this happens it means they aren't doing what only they can do — solve new problems. This wastefulness hurts everybody. Therefore boredom and drudgery are not just unpleasant but actually evil.
To behave like a hacker, you have to believe this enough to want to automate away the boring bits as much as possible, not just for yourself but for everybody else (especially other hackers).
(There is one apparent exception to this. Hackers will sometimes do things that may seem repetitive or boring to an observer as a mind-clearing exercise, or in order to acquire a skill or have some particular kind of experience you can't have otherwise. But this is by choice — nobody who can think should ever be forced into a situation that bores them.)
4. Freedom is good.
Hackers are naturally anti-authoritarian. Anyone who can give you orders can stop you from solving whatever problem you're being fascinated by — and, given the way authoritarian minds work, will generally find some appallingly stupid reason to do so. So the authoritarian attitude has to be fought wherever you find it, lest it smother you and other hackers.
(This isn't the same as fighting all authority. Children need to be guided and criminals restrained. A hacker may agree to accept some kinds of authority in order to get something he wants more than the time he spends following orders. But that's a limited, conscious bargain; the kind of personal surrender authoritarians want is not on offer.)
Authoritarians thrive on censorship and secrecy. And they distrust voluntary cooperation and information-sharing — they only like ‘cooperation’ that they control. So to behave like a hacker, you have to develop an instinctive hostility to censorship, secrecy, and the use of force or deception to compel responsible adults. And you have to be willing to act on that belief.
5. Attitude is no substitute for competence.
To be a hacker, you have to develop some of these attitudes. But copping an attitude alone won't make you a hacker, any more than it will make you a champion athlete or a rock star. Becoming a hacker will take intelligence, practice, dedication, and hard work.
Therefore, you have to learn to distrust attitude and respect competence of every kind. Hackers won't let posers waste their time, but they worship competence — especially competence at hacking, but competence at anything is valued. Competence at demanding skills that few can master is especially good, and competence at demanding skills that involve mental acuteness, craft, and concentration is best.
If you revere competence, you'll enjoy developing it in yourself — the hard work and dedication will become a kind of intense play rather than drudgery. That attitude is vital to becoming a hacker.
What Is a Hacker?
What Is a Hacker?
The Jargon File contains a bunch of definitions of the term ‘hacker’, most having to do with technical adeptness and a delight in solving problems and overcoming limits. If you want to know how to become a hacker, though, only two are really relevant.
There is a community, a shared culture, of expert programmers and networking wizards that traces its history back through decades to the first time-sharing minicomputers and the earliest ARPAnet experiments. The members of this culture originated the term ‘hacker’. Hackers built the Internet. Hackers made the Unix operating system what it is today. Hackers run Usenet. Hackers make the World Wide Web work. If you are part of this culture, if you have contributed to it and other people in it know who you are and call you a hacker, you're a hacker.
The hacker mind-set is not confined to this software-hacker culture. There are people who apply the hacker attitude to other things, like electronics or music — actually, you can find it at the highest levels of any science or art. Software hackers recognize these kindred spirits elsewhere and may call them ‘hackers’ too — and some claim that the hacker nature is really independent of the particular medium the hacker works in. But in the rest of this document we will focus on the skills and attitudes of software hackers, and the traditions of the shared culture that originated the term ‘hacker’.
There is another group of people who loudly call themselves hackers, but aren't. These are people (mainly adolescent males) who get a kick out of breaking into computers and phreaking the phone system. Real hackers call these people ‘crackers’ and want nothing to do with them. Real hackers mostly think crackers are lazy, irresponsible, and not very bright, and object that being able to break security doesn't make you a hacker any more than being able to hotwire cars makes you an automotive engineer. Unfortunately, many journalists and writers have been fooled into using the word ‘hacker’ to describe crackers; this irritates real hackers no end.
The basic difference is this: hackers build things, crackers break them.
If you want to be a hacker, keep reading. If you want to be a cracker, go read the alt.2600 newsgroup and get ready to do five to ten in the slammer after finding out you aren't as smart as you think you are. And that's all I'm going to say about crackers.
Hacking Billing Explorer
Hacking Billing with ZHider
When we started to turn on the computer in the cafe, which first began to appear when the windows are billing the client login screen that covers all areas of the windows. Function Alt Tab and Ctrl Alt-Del usually participate in follow-up to disable force us to log on through the billing program.
Actually when we face the login screen computer that is ready to run. Only harmed by the login screen, that is. Naah ... I love what I jelasin future? I love it, brenti it all. From the dead boredom
Yess .. correct one. That we need to do is hide the login window without the need to login. There are many progie make nyembunyiin window, one ZHider. I will only describe the use of ZHider. For the use progie man please consult the man page, but that needs to be progie is that you must use can show / hide the window of packing Hotkey I covered the windows on the same login screen damn it.
That must be prepared:
1. Download the program ZHider. (Http://www.softpedia.com/get/System/OS-Enhancements/ZHider.shtml).
2. Home Culun.
3. Mentally strong.
Steps:
01. Incoming tide on the face and stupid though I suspect the service
02. Make sure the box beside / living room that we still have another empty boxes. Let it also was suspected.
03. Try to find a place that is far from the op, that I discovered an empty box what you think.
04. Turn your company is still in a situation when the dead.
05. When entering the login screen, sign up as usual.
06. Run ZHider that had been prepared on a diskette / bring. I think there is, I find the instruction google.
07. After executed ZHider directly logout.LogIn's return.
08. Naah, in the login screen this we start up our action. Press Ctrl-Alt Z.. Jreeeng, login screen has disappeared!
09. Browsinglah sepuasnya, but still make sure there is another empty box. Kan strange if there is a cafe entrance, I see him in full. Even in the billing server appears that there is still not signed.
10. It has puass press Ctrl-Alt x raise the return to the login screen disappeared knows where
11. Login as usual and browsing a few minutes to bookmark fares to the number we want. This is so that I suspected.
12. Logout. Prepare the face of stupid, and pay rates.
This is more easily dilalukan when the operator's too familiar with you. Moreover, when the opertaor often posing challenge.
This is some Hotkey ZHider that can be used for other Hotkey please read the readme file that is included with zhider
Hotkey shortcut or Z-Hider
ALT CTRL Z Hide the active window
CTRL ALT X Showing all the hidden window
CTRL ALT L Showing dialogue zhider
CTRL ALT F Showing all the hidden window, and also close zhider.
In the way I can to the top, cut usahamu. Indeed, the act of God jahatmu not diridhai
I discovered direct pertebal "stupid face"-mu. For example, the "Hey, you'll be the happiest of all? All I thin buildings. "Push other words, depending on your creativity.
When we started to turn on the computer in the cafe, which first began to appear when the windows are billing the client login screen that covers all areas of the windows. Function Alt Tab and Ctrl Alt-Del usually participate in follow-up to disable force us to log on through the billing program.
Actually when we face the login screen computer that is ready to run. Only harmed by the login screen, that is. Naah ... I love what I jelasin future? I love it, brenti it all. From the dead boredom
Yess .. correct one. That we need to do is hide the login window without the need to login. There are many progie make nyembunyiin window, one ZHider. I will only describe the use of ZHider. For the use progie man please consult the man page, but that needs to be progie is that you must use can show / hide the window of packing Hotkey I covered the windows on the same login screen damn it.
That must be prepared:
1. Download the program ZHider. (Http://www.softpedia.com/get/System/OS-Enhancements/ZHider.shtml).
2. Home Culun.
3. Mentally strong.
Steps:
01. Incoming tide on the face and stupid though I suspect the service
02. Make sure the box beside / living room that we still have another empty boxes. Let it also was suspected.
03. Try to find a place that is far from the op, that I discovered an empty box what you think.
04. Turn your company is still in a situation when the dead.
05. When entering the login screen, sign up as usual.
06. Run ZHider that had been prepared on a diskette / bring. I think there is, I find the instruction google.
07. After executed ZHider directly logout.LogIn's return.
08. Naah, in the login screen this we start up our action. Press Ctrl-Alt Z.. Jreeeng, login screen has disappeared!
09. Browsinglah sepuasnya, but still make sure there is another empty box. Kan strange if there is a cafe entrance, I see him in full. Even in the billing server appears that there is still not signed.
10. It has puass press Ctrl-Alt x raise the return to the login screen disappeared knows where
11. Login as usual and browsing a few minutes to bookmark fares to the number we want. This is so that I suspected.
12. Logout. Prepare the face of stupid, and pay rates.
This is more easily dilalukan when the operator's too familiar with you. Moreover, when the opertaor often posing challenge.
This is some Hotkey ZHider that can be used for other Hotkey please read the readme file that is included with zhider
Hotkey shortcut or Z-Hider
ALT CTRL Z Hide the active window
CTRL ALT X Showing all the hidden window
CTRL ALT L Showing dialogue zhider
CTRL ALT F Showing all the hidden window, and also close zhider.
In the way I can to the top, cut usahamu. Indeed, the act of God jahatmu not diridhai
I discovered direct pertebal "stupid face"-mu. For example, the "Hey, you'll be the happiest of all? All I thin buildings. "Push other words, depending on your creativity.
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